THE RADIANCE OF LIGHT

Geography- Ch-6 Earth harvested and Ch- & Earth's Variable Grocery

Syllabus for Cycle Test 3,FA-4

Std -8

English Prose: The Flying Sikh ,The Tempest The Lost World (Chapters 8 – 10)   Poetry:Songs of Innocence ,The Man He Killed Grammar:Adverbs,Prepositions,Conjunctions and Connectors ,Punctuations,Idioms ,Words Often Confused,Transformation of sentences and Question Tags,Verbs – Rev Composition:Comprehension (9 – 12),Formal Letter,Dialogue Writing,E-mail writing Mathematics -Ch 5: Playing with Numbers                 Ch 13: Percentage and Applications       Ch14:Simple and Compound interest    Ch 15: Direct and Inverse Variation      Science -Ch 7:  Our Fossil Fuels,Ch18:  The Study of Celestial Objects,Ch17:  The Radiance of Light,Ch 10:  The Continuity in Animal Life Social Science History & Civics -Education and The Colonial Rule ,Indian Renaissance ,The Indian Parliament ,The Union Executive,The Indian Judiciary  Geography- Earth Harvested  ,Earth’s Variable Grocery Computer - Chapter 4: HTML and CSS Hindi - paz AMDmaana inakaobaar,baUZ,I kakI kivata fUla AaOr kaÐTo vyaakrNa -ivaSaoYaNa pyaa-yavaacaI Sabd,iËyaa,kala,laaokaoi@tyaaÐ rcanaa saMvaad laoKna,p~laoKna AnaaOpcaairk´punaÁAByaasa´ Apizt gad\yaaMSa³punaÁAByaasa´ Apizt pd\yaaMSa³punaÁAByaasa´lahr khanaI saaOr­}jaa- Gujarati kaVy-AalalIla va>siDya,pa#-AEk jadu[ p1 nI vata,rav` nu im$yaiwman,sagrka#a nO pvas,pa#-sara A9r,smana4I xBdO

Exam time table Cycle Test-3 ,FA-4

Std.  VI to VIII – Time-Table

Date	Day	Std. VI	Std. VII	Std. VIII
15-12-15	Tue	Social Science	English	2nd Language
16-12-15	Wed	Computers	3rd language	Computers
17-12-15	Thu	2nd Language	Social Science	English
18-12-15	Fri	Mathematics	Mathematics	Science
19-12-15 - Saturday
20 -12 -15 - Sunday
21-12-15	Mon	English	Science	Social Science
22-12-15	Tue	3rd language	Computers	3rd language
23 -12-15	Wed	Science	2nd language	Mathematics

The Continuity in Animal Life

The Continuity in Animal Life

·         What does the term ‘reproduction’ mean?

               Reproduction means producing new individual of the same kind.

·         Why is reproduction essential to living organisms?

Reproduction is essential to living organisms as it helps in continuation of a species.

·          Why is reproduction essential to living organisms?

Reproduction is essential to living organisms as it helps in continuation of a species.

·          What is asexual reproduction?

One parent can produce a new individual of its own kind.

·         Name some common form of asexual reproduction seen plants.

Fragmentation, vegetative propagation, tissues culture.

Processes like budding, fission are examples of which mode of reproduction in animals Asexual reproduction is seen  commonly in lower organisms like hydra, starfish and in microorganisms like amoeba, yeast, etc.

·          Does asexual mode of reproduction need two different organisms / parents to produces an offspring?

(no)

·         Name the mode of reproduction that needs two different parents, one male and a female to produce an offspring?

Sexual  reproduction.

·         What is the function of the testes?

The testes produce male gametes called sperms.

·          What are the three parts of a sperm?

A   head, a  mid piece  and a tail

·         What is the function of the penis?

It transfers the sperms to the female reproductive system.

·          What is the function of the ovaries?

The ovaries produce the female gamete i.e. egg or ova.

·         Which organ of the female reproductive system does the development of the baby takes place?

Uterus .

·          Where are the testes located?

      Inside  the scrotum/ scrotal sac.

·         Name the male reproductive gametes produced by the testes.

Sperms .

·          Name the female reproductive gametes produced by the ovaries.

       Ova/ eggs.

·          What is the process called in which the fusion of the sperm and the ovum takes place?

Fertilization.

·         What is the function of the vagina?

It receives the sperms from male.

·         Which part of the male reproductive system transfers sperms to the female reproductive system?

The penis

·          Which part of the female reproductive system does the process of   fertilization  take place?    Fertilisation   takes place in the oviducts or fallopian tubes of the female.

·          Name the single celled structure that is formed as result of fusion of male and female gametes during   fertilization .

Zygote.

·         Which part of the female reproductive system does fertilisatio occur?

in the oviduct/ fallopian tube.

·          Explain the process of fertilization?

·         The process of fusion of male gamete with female gamete to  produce a zygote is called fertilization.

·         Which of the animals   lay eggs?

Mosquito, butterfly, turtle, frog, hen and fish

·         What is the young one of a frog called?

Tadpole

English - Songs Of innocence

 Comprehension questions
  What was the piper doing? Who did he meet? (Piper was merrily going around playing
his pipe. He met a child who appeared in the cloud.)

 What did the child ask piper to do? ( Child asked him to pipe a song of Lamb and th

child asked him to pipe it again and again)
 What was the child’s reaction? ( He wept with joy after hearing the song)
  List the rhyming words in the first three stanzas. ( wild-child, glee-me, cheer-hear)
 What is the mood of the poem according to the vocabulary? ( The vocabulary is

restricted and simple – ‘piping', ‘happy', ‘merry', ‘pleasant', ‘glee', ‘laughing', ‘joy'. All this

suggests a happy mood at the surface of things)

 Is this poem thought provoking? ( Yes)  Which rhyme scheme is followed in these stanzas? ( stanza 1 follows traditional abab pattern where as stanza 2 and 3 follow abcb pattern)
 What is a pastoral Poem? ( It is poetry that deals with the lives of sheperds and other

countery folk. Countryside is glorified)

 What is the title of the poem? (Song of Innocence-Introduction))

 Are opening and closing lines of poem significant?( Yes, the poem opens on ahppy

note and ends with a hopeful note)

 What is the setting of the poem? ( It a rural pastoral setting amidst the beauty of

nature)

 What is the mood of the poem? Is it cheerful, jolly, happy,mysterious, festive,

provocative, hopeful or thoughtful? ( it is happy and hopeful)

 What is the tone of the poem? ( is it a satiric, serious, playful,teasing or somber? ( It is

somber)

 What is the theme? ( Innocence of children is very cheerful and contagious)

*** Figures of speech:

Repetition:

Piping down the valleys wild, Piping songs of pleasant glee, Alliteration: Piper, pipe that song again.

So I piped

Metaphor: And I made a rural pen


Personification: And I stained the water clear

English - Flying Sikh

*Why did the person who is narrating the story of Milkha Singh become a journalist? (Because he

was his role model and his struggle and rise to glory had inspired many.)

*What made Milkha Singh run fast? (during his school days he had to run for 10 kms to reach

school . He ran for his life during partition when his family was massacred. All this running perhaps

made him a runner)

*What motivated him to join the army? (he was becoming wayward and was getting involved in

petty crimes , when his brother suggested to him to use his skills at better place and join the

army.)

*What is the meaning of the phrase “ Burn the midnight oil” ( It means to work very late into the

night)

*Why did Milkha Singh have a sincere gratitude for the army? (because it was in the army

that his talent was first noticed)

*What was his religion and what was his inspiration? ( Training for running was his religion

and Havaldar Gurudev Singh was his inspiration)

*Which was his first international race? ( 1956 Melbourne Olympics)

*How did Milkha feel after winning the Cardiff Commonwealth Race? (He was elated, he

wanted to scream and run even more.)

*What is a success mantra for any athlete? ( Take no short cuts)

*What worries Milkha Singh and what is he ashamed of? (He is worried by the way

athletes take performance enhancing drugs and he is ashamed of the young athletes

who do so.)

*Who gave him the title of Flying Sikh and when? (General Ayub of Pakistan gave him this

title when he beat a Pakistani athlete Abdul Khaliq in a race that was witnessed by

60000 spectators)

Social Science- History- Indian Renaissance

Indian Renaissance

Extra Questions

1.    What was the condition of women in the early nineteenth century? (At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the position of women was very miserable. In this period, female infanticide, child marriage, marriages between young girls and aged men, prohibition of widow remarriage, dowry system, purdah system, sati, slavery and polygamy were the main social evils affecting the position of women. (Sati was one of the barbaric practices prevalent during the time in which a widow burnt herself on the funeral pyre of her husband). They were deprived of social and economic rights.’)

2.    Why was caste system a curse to society? ( It created social divisions in the society, which was largely based on exploitation, inequality and injustice)

3.    What was the attitude of the educated Indians towards the social evils prevalent in India during the nineteenth century? (The educated Indians influenced by a spirit of rationalism began to inquire and argue before accepting anything. The superstitious beliefs and practices were examined by applying scientific knowledge. They felt an urgent need to reform the Indian society in order to bring out nation’s progress.

4.    Why is Syed Ahmad Khan’s role important in the Muslim reform movement? (Sir Syed Ahmed Khan opposed the ignorance, superstitions and evil practices such as purdah system, polygamy and the Muslim system of divorce. He also emphasized the value of education for women. He opened the Aligarh Muslim University. He Founded translation society for translating  books from English to Urdu. He firmly believed that acquisition of Western education and science would be significant for the progress of Muslim society.)

5.    Explain the role of the Singh Sabha in Sikh reforms. (He worked to promote education in the Sikh society. It sought to rid Sikhism from the prevailing superstitious and caste distinctions and to bring modernization.)

6.    List the important changes brought about by the Parsi reforms. (1) The Pardah system was abolished. 2) Campaigned against the child marriage. 3) The spread of education, especially among girls also made good progress.)

7.    What did the Book ‘Stree-Purush Tulana’ written by Tarabai Shinde criticise? (Criticised the social differences between men and women.)

8.    How did the Sharda Sadan established by Pandita Ramabai help women? (She wrote a book which showed the miserable condition of upper-caste Hindu women. She established the Sharda Sadan to provide shelter and help to widows by training them to support them economically.)

9.    How did Begum Rokeya contribute to women education? (Begum Rokeya set up schools for muslim girls in Patna and Kolkatta. She fearlessly criticized conservative ideas and argued about the inferior place accorded to women by the religious leaders of every faith.

Name the following:

1.    Reformers who established the Prarthana Samaj. (Dr. Atmaram Pandurang, M. G. Ranade and R. G. Bhandarkar)

2.    The two types of reforms supported by the Prarthana Samaj. (Theistic worship and social reforms)

3.    The person who started an all India reform movement to fight against child marriage and purdah system. (M. G. Ranade)

4.    The person who started a girls’ school at Pune with the support of his wife Savitribai. (Mahatma Jotirao Phule)

5.    The book written by Mahatma Jotirao Phule which he dedicated to all the Americans who had fought to free slaves. (Gulamgiri)

6.    Two organisation founded by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to fight the cause of the downtrodden. (All India Scheduled Caste Federation and Bahishkrut Hitkarini Sabha)

7.    The temple Dr. N.R. Ambedkar wanted entry for the dalits. (Kalaram Temple at Nashik)

8.    The place where the significant satyagraha to assert the right of the untouchables to draw water was made by Dr. Ambedkar. (Chavdar lake in Mahad)

9.    The person who established Shree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam to carry out social reforms. - Sri Narayan Guru

10. The message given by Sri Narayan Guru- (‘One Religion, one Caste, and one God for mankind’).

11. The reformer who championed the cause of widow remarriage and female education in Andhra Pradesh. (Kandukuri Veerasalingam Pantulu)

12. The reformer who started the Self Respect Movement. – (E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker)

13. The two cultures subjugated by the Brahmins according to Periyar. – (original Tamil and Dravidian culture)

The Radiance of Light

 The Radiance of Light

 Ø Why is it that he/she couldn’t see every one of us, even when the room is lit/has light?

Because  his/her eyes were closed.

 Ø Then why can’t we see in the dark even with our eyes open?

Because there is no light, we cannot see without light, light makes things visible.

 light must enter our eyes for us to see things around us.

 luminous objects non- luminous objects emit their own light

 Stars like sun, fireflies, lamp, lasers lighted candle, LED etc

Objects do not emit their own light

 Satellites like moon and earth, table, books etc.

 Ø What comes to your mind when you hear the word ‘light’?

Sun, see, visible, energy, light rays, absence of darkness, lamps, etc.

 light is a form of energy that gives us the sensation of sight. An object is visible to us only when the light falling on the object is reflected. The reflected light reaches our eyes which makes the object visible.

What enables you to see things during the day?

Sunlight

Ø What do you do to see things during the night or in the dark?

Use light bulbs, candles, tube light, lamp, torch, etc.

 Ø Which of the objects shown here give out light on their own?

 Sun, firefly, lamp, stars, glow worm, bulb

 Ø What do you understand by the word ‘natural’?

Something that is present naturally in the environment

Ø What do you understand by the word ‘artificial’?

Anything that is made by human beings, is artificial.

Ø Name some natural sources of light that you see here.

Sun, stars, firefly, glow- worm

 Ø Name some natural sources of light that you see here.

Torch,  bulb, lamp etc.

The Moon reflects the light of the Sun falling on it i.e. the moonlight. Hence the moon is a non luminous object.

Ø What is rectilinear propagation of light?

Light travels in a straight line and this is known as rectilinear propagation of light.

 Ø Explain how are objects visible to us?

Objects are visible to us only when the light falling on the objects is reflected. The reflected light reaches our eyes which makes the objects visible.

 Ø What is the difference between luminous and non-luminous objects?

Luminous  objects emit their own light whereas non- luminous objects do not emit their own light.

 Ø Why is the moon a non-luminous object?

Because it does not have its own light

Ø How is it then possible for us to see the moon in the night?

Because it reflects the light of the sun

If an object does not emit light, it should reflect light in order to be seen, for example the wall of the room you are in do not emit light, they reflect the light from the ceiling lights overhead.

-          Define Reflection of light:

Bouncing back of light from a surface is called reflection of light.

 →Incoming light ray that hits the surface of an object is called the incident ray

→ The ray which is reflected back after hitting the surface of an object is called the reflected ray

 →The point where the incident ray falls on a surface is called point of incidence

->What is angle of reflection?

The angle between the normal and the reflected ray is called angle of reflection

Ø Will a polished metal surface reflect light in the same manner as that of the rough wooden surface? Why?

No, because the surface of the of polished metal is smooth whereas the surface of wood is rough/ not smooth, irregular.

Regular or specular  reflection takes place in objects having polished surface and diffused or irregular reflection takes place in objects having rough surface.

 Ø When is a multiple image of an object formed?

When two plane mirrors are placed together at an inclination on one of their edges, they together form multiple images of the object.

Ø Name two devices based on multiple reflection.

Kaleidoscope and Periscope

 Ø What is a periscope?

 It is an optical device that is commonly used in submarines to view the happenings on the surface of the water while sitting under water.

 Ø Name the famous scientist who first showed that white light is a mixture of several  colours ?

 Sir Isaac Newton

 Ø What is the phenomenon of splitting of white light into its constituent colours called?

Dispersion of light

 Ø What happens when a ray of light travels from one medium to the other such as from air to solid and back to air?

When a ray of light travels from one medium to the other, it bends from its original direction. This phenomenon is called refraction of light.

 Ø Which among air or glass is an optically denser medium?

Glass

Ø The speed of the light will be greater in water, air or glass?

 In air

Ø What happens to a ray of light when it passes from an optically rarer to an optically denser medium?

The ray slows down and bends towards the normal.

Ø Which colours in the visible light bend more sharply when the pass from air to glass?

Purple/ violet and blue

Ø What is the shape of the eye?

Ball, oval

Ø What will happen if a person accidently hurt his/her eyes?

May go blind, vision is damaged, cannot see.

The eyelids act as the shutter of the eye that protects them from the injury the human eye is made up of three transparent layer ® Outermost layer or fibrous tunic composed of cornea and sclera ® Middle layer or vascular tunic consists of choroid, ciliary body and iris ® Innermost layer is the retina

Ø What is persistence of vision?

The image produced in the human eye is retained for approximately one twenty- fifth of a second after the object is removed.

Ø Name the vision defects.

Myopia or shortsightedness, hyperopia or farsightedness.

Ø How hyperopia or farsightedness is corrected?

Hyperopia or farsightedness is corrected by using convergent lens.

 Ø What is diabetic retinopathy?

In this condition the retina of the eye gets damaged due to high sugar content of the blood in the blood vessels.