Civics - Ch- Marginalisation and Social Justice (Extra Questions)

Civics-  Marginalisation and Social Justice (Extra Questions)

1. What is marginalisation?

Social phenomena by which a group of people are accorded less importance by virtue of their language, caste, religion, etc. are known as marginalisation. Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes are the main marginalised groups in India.

2. List the social inequalities that lead to marginalisation.

The social inequalities that lead to marginalisation - Caste System, Untouchability, Discrimination of women and Discrimination against tribals.

3. Describe the life communities reported as Scheduled Castes in the Indian Constitution.

•  occupied the lowest rank in the normal hierarchy of Indian society

• suffering from extreme educational, social and economic backwardness arising out of age-old practice of untouchability, geographical isolation and lack of infrastructure facilities

•  need special consideration for safeguarding their interests and for their faster socio-economic development.

4. Describe the people of the Scheduled Tribes of India.

‘Adivasis’ or ‘original inhabitants’, officially known as Scheduled Tribes are groups of people who have lived in forests and some continue to live in forests, even today in the Indian Subcontinent. According to the 2001 Census, about 82% of the Scheduled Tribes live in huge numbers in Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Chattisgarh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Jharkand, Karnataka, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh. About 15% of the Scheduled Tribes live in north-eastern states.

5.  What does the term Other Backward Class refer to?

Backward Classes refers to those backward sections of people other than Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes who, according to the Government need special mention as they may not be adequately represented in the Government.

6.Name some social reformers who worked towards the upliftment of the marginalised.

Social reformers such as Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwarchand Vidyasagar, Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Mahatama Jyotirao Phule and Swami Vivekananda, among others; led a reform movement that aimed to curb the social and economic inequalities that had plagued the Indian society.

7. What steps have been taken by the government to encourage education among the Scheduled Castes?

Efforts have been made to encourage education amongst the Scheduled castes, Scheduled Tribes and other backward classes. Students belonging to these sections are being given special coaching. Hostels have been constructed by the Government to provide boarding and lodging at subsidized rates.