Geography- Generated Resources & Case Studies Part I & II (Extra questions)

Geography- Generated Resources & Case Studies Part I & II (Extra questions)

1. List the characteristics of the manufacturing industry
secondary economic activity; adds value to raw material and makes it useful; gives employment to the people; increases the pace of economy by constant production.

2. Explain industry as a system

Industry is a system of manufacturing consisting of inputs, processes and outputs. Inputs -raw material, labour, power, land, etc, that influence the location of industries in a place. Output - finished product of utility. Processes differ depending on the end product required.

3. List the factors influencing location of industries.

  Industries are located at points where all the factors together provide minimum production cost. Locations are selected after many deliberations on geographical, historical, economic, human and political Factors.

4. Explain the classification of industries on the basis of ownership.
On the basis of ownership, industries can be classified as:
(i) Public Sector:
These industries are aimed and operated by the government agencies.
(ii) Private Sector:
These industries are owned and operated by private entrepreneurs, e.g., TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd., Reliance Industries and Dabur Industries, etc.
(iii) Joint Sector:
These industries are jointly run by the state and individual or a group of individuals. Oil India Ltd (OIL) is jointly owned by public and private sectors.
(iv) Cooperative Sector:
These industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.

5.  List the industrial regions of India.

The major industrial of India are Mumbai, Kolkata, Coimbatore, Ahemdabad, Chhota Nagpur and Delhi.

6.  How has industrial revolution changed the way an industry works.

Industrial revolution started in the 18th century in Great Britain and soon spread to Europe and North America. It was the term given to the new phase of manufacturing when hand production shifted to machine production. Production by manual labour shifted first to water driven and then to power driven machines. The source of fuel shifted from wood to biofuels such as coal, etc. The invention of making steel enabled manufacturing of various machines which, in turn, made possible mechanized mass production, sucessfully replacing the goods made through domestic production.

 7.  List the geographical factors influencing location of industries.
The geographical factors influencing location of industries are Climate, Water supply, Land, Raw material, Power.

8. On the basis of output how are the industries classified?
Industries are classified on the basis of the characteristics of the various products that are made. eg;  i)Basic industries- Heavy machinery (manufacturing railways coaches, automobiles) ii) Intermediate/ ancillary goods- tyres that are used in automobiles, machine parts (nuts, bolts, spring etc.) iii) Consumer goods industries- sugar, paper, textiles etc.

9. Name the major industrial regions of the world.
 The four major industrial regions of the world are:
i) Easter part of North America
ii) Eastern and central Europe consisting of U.K, Germany, France, etc.
iii) Eastern Europe
iv) Eastern Asia consisting of China, Japan, India, etc.

10. What are the three major industries of the world?
the three major industries of the world are:
i) Iron and steel industry
ii) Cotton textile industry
iii) Information technology industry

11. What are the characteristics of the iron and steel industry?
Characteristics:
 Basic industry-base to other industries.
 Feeder industry –raw material for heavy and engineering industries.
 Heavy industry-uses bulky materials-iron ore, coal- in large quantities.

12. Describe the factors that developed the United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburg.
 i. Coal was available locally from North Appalachian coal belt which was transported in an in expensive manner by railway.
ii. Iron ore came from the mines of Minnesota about 1500km from pittsburg and shipped through lake Superior and Erie.
iii. Dolomite and Limestone were obtained from the islands located in lake Erie and Lake Huron.
iv. River Detroit and Lake Erie, Ohio, Monogahela and Allegheny rivers provided with adequate water supply.
v. The centres of the industry were connected with the help of the network of waterways of Great Lakes. The Great Lakes were connected to Pittsburg with railway that carrued ore. Finished goods were transported with the help of these waterways.
vi. There is an adequate supply of unskilled, semiskilled and specially trained labour.
vii.The Niagra falls provided relatively cheap hydroelectric power to the plants.

13. Describe how geographically strategic location of Sakchi helped in establishing TISCO.
Sakchi was chosen to set up the steel plant for several reasons. This place was only 32 km away from Kalimati station on the Bengal-Nagpur railway line. It was close to the iron ore, coal and manganese deposits as well as to Kolkata, which provided a large market. TISCO gets coal from Jharia coalfields, and iron ore, limestone, dolomite and manganese from Odisha and Chhattisgarh. The Kharkai and Subarnarekha rivers ensured sufficient water supply.

14.  How is the textile industry of Osaka different from that of Ahmedabad?
Cotton textile industry in Ahmedabad:
a. It is also known as ‘Manchester of India’ b.The textile industry flourished in Ahmedabad mainly because of the proximity to the cotton growing regions. c. The flat topography and easy availability of land facilitated in the establishment of the mills d. Skilled as well as semi-skilled labor is found in abundance from the thickly populated states of Gujarat and Maharashtra.  

e. Several textile mills have been closed down due to the emergence of new textile centers in the country.Cotton textile industry in Osaka a.It is also known as ‘Manchester of Japan’ b. The textile industry at Osaka depends totally upon the materials imported from Egypt, China and USA. c. The extensively plain land around Osaka helped in the growth of cotton mills. d. Labor is easily available in and around Osaka. e. The cotton textile industry of Osaka has been replaced by industries such as iron and steel, Shipbuilding, machinery, automobiles, electrical equipment and cement.