History- India towards building a Nation (Notebook)

Civics- Introduction to Economics (Note book)

Civics- Marginalisation and Social Justice (Notebook)

History- Struggle for India's Independence (Note book)

SCIENCE

grade 8 Surface area and volume

grade 8 Statistics

grade 8 probability

Geography- Generated Resources & Case Studies Part I & II (Extra questions)

Geography- Generated Resources & Case Studies Part I & II (Extra questions)

1. List the characteristics of the manufacturing industry
secondary economic activity; adds value to raw material and makes it useful; gives employment to the people; increases the pace of economy by constant production.

2. Explain industry as a system

Industry is a system of manufacturing consisting of inputs, processes and outputs. Inputs -raw material, labour, power, land, etc, that influence the location of industries in a place. Output - finished product of utility. Processes differ depending on the end product required.

3. List the factors influencing location of industries.

  Industries are located at points where all the factors together provide minimum production cost. Locations are selected after many deliberations on geographical, historical, economic, human and political Factors.

4. Explain the classification of industries on the basis of ownership.
On the basis of ownership, industries can be classified as:
(i) Public Sector:
These industries are aimed and operated by the government agencies.
(ii) Private Sector:
These industries are owned and operated by private entrepreneurs, e.g., TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd., Reliance Industries and Dabur Industries, etc.
(iii) Joint Sector:
These industries are jointly run by the state and individual or a group of individuals. Oil India Ltd (OIL) is jointly owned by public and private sectors.
(iv) Cooperative Sector:
These industries are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.

5.  List the industrial regions of India.

The major industrial of India are Mumbai, Kolkata, Coimbatore, Ahemdabad, Chhota Nagpur and Delhi.

6.  How has industrial revolution changed the way an industry works.

Industrial revolution started in the 18th century in Great Britain and soon spread to Europe and North America. It was the term given to the new phase of manufacturing when hand production shifted to machine production. Production by manual labour shifted first to water driven and then to power driven machines. The source of fuel shifted from wood to biofuels such as coal, etc. The invention of making steel enabled manufacturing of various machines which, in turn, made possible mechanized mass production, sucessfully replacing the goods made through domestic production.

 7.  List the geographical factors influencing location of industries.
The geographical factors influencing location of industries are Climate, Water supply, Land, Raw material, Power.

8. On the basis of output how are the industries classified?
Industries are classified on the basis of the characteristics of the various products that are made. eg;  i)Basic industries- Heavy machinery (manufacturing railways coaches, automobiles) ii) Intermediate/ ancillary goods- tyres that are used in automobiles, machine parts (nuts, bolts, spring etc.) iii) Consumer goods industries- sugar, paper, textiles etc.

9. Name the major industrial regions of the world.
 The four major industrial regions of the world are:
i) Easter part of North America
ii) Eastern and central Europe consisting of U.K, Germany, France, etc.
iii) Eastern Europe
iv) Eastern Asia consisting of China, Japan, India, etc.

10. What are the three major industries of the world?
the three major industries of the world are:
i) Iron and steel industry
ii) Cotton textile industry
iii) Information technology industry

11. What are the characteristics of the iron and steel industry?
Characteristics:
 Basic industry-base to other industries.
 Feeder industry –raw material for heavy and engineering industries.
 Heavy industry-uses bulky materials-iron ore, coal- in large quantities.

12. Describe the factors that developed the United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburg.
 i. Coal was available locally from North Appalachian coal belt which was transported in an in expensive manner by railway.
ii. Iron ore came from the mines of Minnesota about 1500km from pittsburg and shipped through lake Superior and Erie.
iii. Dolomite and Limestone were obtained from the islands located in lake Erie and Lake Huron.
iv. River Detroit and Lake Erie, Ohio, Monogahela and Allegheny rivers provided with adequate water supply.
v. The centres of the industry were connected with the help of the network of waterways of Great Lakes. The Great Lakes were connected to Pittsburg with railway that carrued ore. Finished goods were transported with the help of these waterways.
vi. There is an adequate supply of unskilled, semiskilled and specially trained labour.
vii.The Niagra falls provided relatively cheap hydroelectric power to the plants.

13. Describe how geographically strategic location of Sakchi helped in establishing TISCO.
Sakchi was chosen to set up the steel plant for several reasons. This place was only 32 km away from Kalimati station on the Bengal-Nagpur railway line. It was close to the iron ore, coal and manganese deposits as well as to Kolkata, which provided a large market. TISCO gets coal from Jharia coalfields, and iron ore, limestone, dolomite and manganese from Odisha and Chhattisgarh. The Kharkai and Subarnarekha rivers ensured sufficient water supply.

14.  How is the textile industry of Osaka different from that of Ahmedabad?
Cotton textile industry in Ahmedabad:
a. It is also known as ‘Manchester of India’ b.The textile industry flourished in Ahmedabad mainly because of the proximity to the cotton growing regions. c. The flat topography and easy availability of land facilitated in the establishment of the mills d. Skilled as well as semi-skilled labor is found in abundance from the thickly populated states of Gujarat and Maharashtra.  

e. Several textile mills have been closed down due to the emergence of new textile centers in the country.Cotton textile industry in Osaka a.It is also known as ‘Manchester of Japan’ b. The textile industry at Osaka depends totally upon the materials imported from Egypt, China and USA. c. The extensively plain land around Osaka helped in the growth of cotton mills. d. Labor is easily available in and around Osaka. e. The cotton textile industry of Osaka has been replaced by industries such as iron and steel, Shipbuilding, machinery, automobiles, electrical equipment and cement.

 

 

Civics ch 21- Introduction to Economics (extra questions)

Civics ch 21- Introduction to Economics

1. What is an economy?

An economy is a situation in which some people make goods, provide services and others use these goods and services, without wasting resources. Economy may be that of a village, town or a country.

2. Define economics.
 Economics is the science that deals with the process involved in making, selling and
buying of goods and services.

3. Describe free economy and mixed economy.
Countries in which all goods and services- controlled by private organizations are said to have a free economy. some countries like India has a mixed economy in which complete control is neither in the hands of the government nor with the private institutions.

4. Differentiate between public sector and private sector.
Goods and services provided by companies that are run by the Government are said to belong to the public sector eg; industries related to oil, power, railways, etc. Those companies that are owned and run by individuals or groups of people that do not belong to the public sector are said to be a part of the private sector eg; Industries related to consumer goods and services.

5. What is a plan?
 A plan is a thought out process about the different ways in which the available resources can be put to use to maximize benefit. Plans are made for a specific period of time.

6. State any two functions of the Planning Commission.

• Make a plan to use the country’s resources efficiently.
• Propose allocation of resources in order of priority.
• Identify factors that hinder growth and development and try to eliminate them.
• Find out ways in which the plan can be successfully implemented. (any two)

7. What are the aims of the Five Year Plans?

• Deal with problems of poverty, unemployment and rising prices through the five year plans.
• Achieve sustainable economic development.
• Assess the resources of the country and formulating the best possible ways to utilize these resources

8. What new techniques of farming was adopted as per the Five year Plans in the late 60s and 70s?
Seeds that yielded more crops, fertilizers, machines and pesticides were used. Farmers used the technique of crop rotation, that is, growing two or more groups on a particular stretch of land alternatively.

9. What did the Second Five Year Plan focus on to develop industries?
 The plan focused on setting up new industries and expansion of the ones that existed. The planning commission also emphasized on the importance of cottage industries.

SCIENCE

Syllabus -Cycle Test 4

English

Prose -Where Love is God is ,The Last Leaf,The Lottery Ticket ,Poem-The Man he Killed SR-It was Dreadful in the Forest, Our Eyes have seen Great Wonders, Applause

Grammar-Conjunctions and connectors, Punctuations,

Transformation of Sentences and Question Tags

Words Often Confused, Direct and Indirect Speech

Active and Passive Voice,Subject Verb Agreement

Verbs, Adverbs and Prepositions

Composition -Comprehension ,Data Interpretation

Speech Writing, Report Writing ,Story Writing ,Email Writing ,Article Writing ,Diary Writing

Maths - Simple and Compound interest.,

Direct and Inverse Variation, Construction of Quadrilaterals. , Introduction to Graphs ,                

Surface Areas and Volumes, Statistics , Probability,                            

  Set theory and Venn Diagrams         

Science The Control Systems ,The Teen Years

  The Electrical Stimulus to Chemistry   Our Flora and Fauna   Risks to Life’s Essentials   The Age of Plastics

Portion from Activity plus in Science for grade 8:

Activity 3.1,Activity 14.1,Activity 14.2

Soc.Science - Art and Culture of Modern India                                                         

The Police , Struggle For India’s Independence                                                   

India: Towards Building A Nation ,  Marginalisation and Social Justice  , Introduction to Economics,            

Generated Resources, Generated Resources-Case Studies, People Power  ,Earth’s Adversity

Hindi –पाठ -पन्ना धाय,डॉ ए पी जे अब्दुल कलाम,अबू खाँ की बकरी,अंडमान निकोबारकविता -,चींटी,,फूल और काँटेव्याकरण-अविकारी शब्द,वाक्य,अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द,विराम चिह्न,अशुद्धि शोधन,मुहावरे (पुनःअभ्यास)

रचना-अनुच्छेद लेखन (पुनःअभ्यास),पत्र लेखन (औपचारिक) (पुनःअभ्यास),पत्र लेखन (अनौपचारिक) (पुनःअभ्यास),निबंध लेखन (पुनःअभ्यास)संवाद लेखन (पुनःअभ्यास),अपठित गद्यांश (पुनःअभ्यास),अपठित पद्यांश (पुनःअभ्यास)

लहर कहानी संग्रह-जीवन,केमिस्ट्री

Computer- Ch6 More in Scratch 2.0

Civics - Ch- Marginalisation and Social Justice (Extra Questions)

Civics-  Marginalisation and Social Justice (Extra Questions)

1. What is marginalisation?

Social phenomena by which a group of people are accorded less importance by virtue of their language, caste, religion, etc. are known as marginalisation. Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes are the main marginalised groups in India.

2. List the social inequalities that lead to marginalisation.

The social inequalities that lead to marginalisation - Caste System, Untouchability, Discrimination of women and Discrimination against tribals.

3. Describe the life communities reported as Scheduled Castes in the Indian Constitution.

•  occupied the lowest rank in the normal hierarchy of Indian society

• suffering from extreme educational, social and economic backwardness arising out of age-old practice of untouchability, geographical isolation and lack of infrastructure facilities

•  need special consideration for safeguarding their interests and for their faster socio-economic development.

4. Describe the people of the Scheduled Tribes of India.

‘Adivasis’ or ‘original inhabitants’, officially known as Scheduled Tribes are groups of people who have lived in forests and some continue to live in forests, even today in the Indian Subcontinent. According to the 2001 Census, about 82% of the Scheduled Tribes live in huge numbers in Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Chattisgarh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Jharkand, Karnataka, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh. About 15% of the Scheduled Tribes live in north-eastern states.

5.  What does the term Other Backward Class refer to?

Backward Classes refers to those backward sections of people other than Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes who, according to the Government need special mention as they may not be adequately represented in the Government.

6.Name some social reformers who worked towards the upliftment of the marginalised.

Social reformers such as Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwarchand Vidyasagar, Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Mahatama Jyotirao Phule and Swami Vivekananda, among others; led a reform movement that aimed to curb the social and economic inequalities that had plagued the Indian society.

7. What steps have been taken by the government to encourage education among the Scheduled Castes?

Efforts have been made to encourage education amongst the Scheduled castes, Scheduled Tribes and other backward classes. Students belonging to these sections are being given special coaching. Hostels have been constructed by the Government to provide boarding and lodging at subsidized rates.

Time Table for Cycle Test - 4

Time-Table for Std. VI to VIII

Cycle Test-4 / Summative Assessment-II (2016-17)

Date	Day	Std. VI	Std. VII	Std. VIII
14.03.17	Tuesday	English	Mathematics	Hindi
15.03.17	Wednesday	Social Science	Computers	Science
16.03.17	Thursday	3rd Language	Hindi	3rd Language
17.03.17	Friday	Mathematics	Science	English
18.03.17	Saturday	No exam
19.03.17	Sunday	Holiday
20.03.17	Monday	Science	Social Science	Mathematics
21.03.17	Tuesday	Computers	3rd Language	Computers
22.03.17	Wednesday	Hindi	English	Social Science